Moreover, the Economist Intelligence Unit's (EIU) Global Liveability Index Report 2018 ranked cities according to 5 parameters of stability, healthcare, culture & environment, education, and infrastructure (EIU, 2018). For instance, Mercer's Quality of Living Survey ranks cities based on 39 holistic factors, including economic, environmental, personal safety, health, education, transportations and other public service factors (Mercer, 2011). The concept has since been developed further – based on what was considered as important features of having a balanced life. The 'Liveability' concept was popularized for cities in 1999 with the Gore/Clinton Livability Agenda and gained momentum as a framework for "new tools and resources to preserve green space, ease traffic congestion, and pursue regional 'smart growth' strategies" (Herman & Lewis, 2017). Once in place, those resources enhance personal independence allow residents to age in place and foster residents' engagement in the community's civic, economic, and social life." – AARP Public Policy Institute (2017) What is 'Liveability'? "A livable community is one that is safe and secure, has affordable and appropriate housing and transportation options, and offers supportive community features and services. Through initiatives such as the Ease of Living Index 2018 of the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA), urban practitioners and policy-makers along with the Government of India are now actively working towards the reality of enhancing the liveability of Indian cities. However, a relevant challenge has been the adaptation of this global concept into the Indian context and mainstreaming it into the urban policy and planning framework of the cities. Improving the quality of life of citizens is also an important objective of the current urban missions of Indian cities, such as of the Smart Cities Mission and AMRUT. The concept of 'liveability' has been present for a few decades and its commonly accepted features promote the socio-cultural, economic and mental wellbeing of citizens. There is a need for identifying aspects of enhancing liveability that can be mainstreamed at the Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) level, which can further transform the floating concept of 'liveability' into a tangible reality.
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